Which thinkers introduced the distinction between Science and Philosophy and what were their arguments?

In the 1840s Natural Philosophy began to be known as Science, which increasingly became distinguished from Philosophy. The early history of Philosophy, however, includes philosophers who were both philosophers and scientists and who did not distinguish between the two disciplines. Aristotle made contributions to the development of biology, for example in the clification of species. Descartes was responsible for introducing Cartesian coordinates in geometry and explaining refraction of light in water. My question is: which thinkers were responsible for the introducing the distinction between Science and Philosophy and what were their arguments?